PHP 7 New Features

Question: What are main features of PHP 7?

1. Lower Memory Consumption
2. Improved performance as now using Zend Engine 3.0
3. Consistent 64-bit support
4. Scalar type declarations
5. Return type declarations
6. define() updates: Now you can add array.
7. unserialize updates: Provide better security when unserializing objects on untrusted data
8. Anonymous classes can be created
9. Null coalescing operator (??) have been added

   Namespaces declaration like use some\namespace\{ClassA, ClassB, ClassC as C};

10. Many fatal errors converted to Exceptions
11. Secure random number generator
12. session_start will accept an array.
13. Spaceship operator
14. list() function updates

Question: What is null coalescing operator?
null coalescing operator (??) has been introduced in PHP7.

$username = $_GET['username'] ?? $_POST['username'] ?? 'not passed';
print($username);

Question: What are Scalar type declarations?
Scalar type declarations has two type of options.

1. coercive - coercive is default mode and need not to be specified.
2. strict - strict mode has to explicitly hinted.

Question: What is Namespaces?
Namespaces are a way of encapsulating items. we can use two more different classes into one Namespaces.


Question: What is purpose of Namespaces?
1) To fixed the name collisions between your code and internal PHP classes/functions/constants or third-party classes/functions/constants.
2) Ability to shorten for Extra_Long_Names, improving readability of source code.



Question: Explain about Namespaces in PHP7?

1. Namespace must be the first statement in the PHP Script.
2. We can define Sub-Namespace also
3. Defining multiple namespaces in same file with/without using bracketed syntax (Multiple declaration is not Recommended)
4. We can access the Global method of namespaces using \

   namespace A\B\C;
           function strlen($string){
               return \strlen($string).'--arun';
           }
       echo strlen('imarun');

5. we can use __NAMESPACE__ for getting the current namespace name
6. We can use Alias for namespace as below

   use mynamespace\car as mycar;

7. import multiple namespaces in single line

   use some\namespace\{ClassA, ClassB, ClassC as C};
           use function some\namespace\{fn_a, fn_b, fn_c};
           use const some\namespace\{ConstA, ConstB, ConstC};  

8. Using namespaces: fallback to global function/constant
   a) An unqualified class name resolve to current namespace
   b) An unqualified function name resolve to current namespace
   c) An unqualified constant name resolve to Global namespace
   

Question: What is Class Constants?
Class Constants: You can define constant as string OR expression. but you can not define as variable, or function.


Question: When autoloading classes loads automatic?
a) Autoload when create object.
b) Autoload when include an another (using extends)
c) Autoload when include an interface (using implements )
d) we Can add exception in spl_autoload_register


Question: What is Visibility?
Class methods must be declare as public, protected or private.
You can also declare with var which means public


Question: What are Static Keyword?
Declaring class property or methods as static makes them accessible without needing an instantiation of the class.
$this is not available inside the function.